Umgaqo wokuSebenza kunye neMiseko ye-Tribological yeeBearings eziPlain (i-Sliding Bearings)

Iibheringi ezicacileyo, ezihlala zibizwa ngokuba yi-EPEN sliding bearings, zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoomatshini. Indlela ezi bhere zisebenza ngayo kukuba imiphezulu emibini iyatyibilika enye kwenye ngokungqubana okuncinci kakhulu. Ingcamango esisiseko kukubeka umaleko omncinci wokuthambisa phakathi kweendawo ezihambayo. Oku kubenza bangadibanisi kwaye bavumele ukuba basebenze kakuhle. Ukuqonda indlela iibheringi ezicacileyo ezisebenza ngayo kufuna ukuqonda kakuhle iziseko ze-tribological, ezibandakanya izinto ezifana nokukhuhlana, ukuthambisa, kunye neendlela zokunxiba. Iinjineli zisenokwenza iibheringi ezihlala ixesha elide, ezisebenza kakuhle nezinokuthenjwa ukuze zisetyenziswe kwizinto ezininzi, ukususela kwiinjini zemoto ukuya koomatshini boshishino, ngokuphucula ezi ndawo.

1. Umgaqo-siseko: Ukudalwa kweFilimu eFluid

Umgaqo-siseko oyintloko wokusebenza kukwahlula i-sliding surfaces (i-shaft kunye ne-bearing) kunye ne-lubricant ukukhusela ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwintsimbi ukuya kwintsimbi. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu ingxabano kunye nokugqoka.

Inkqubo inokwahlulwa ibe ziinkqubo ezintathu eziphambili zokusebenza:

Ukuthanjiswa komda (Ukuqalisa/Ukuvala):

Ngezantya eziphantsi kakhulu, ngexesha lokuqalisa, ukuvala, okanye phantsi komthwalo ophezulu, i-shaft kunye nokuthwala kudibene ngokuyinxenye.

Umaleko omncinci kakhulu we-lubricant (kuphela iimolekyuli ezimbalwa ezityebileyo) unamathela kumphezulu wesinyithi, ubonelela ngokhuseleko olwaneleyo lokuthintela ukuguga okuqatha kunye nokubanjwa. Ukukhuhlana kuphezulu.

Ukuthanjiswa Okuxutyiweyo:

Njengoko isantya se-shaft sikhula, sitsala i-lubricant ngakumbi kwi-gap yokuguqula phakathi kwe-shaft kunye nokuthwala.

Umthwalo uthwalwa ngokuyinxenye ngoxinzelelo lwe-fluid kwaye ngokuyinxenye yi-asperities yoqhagamshelwano (amanqaku aphezulu). I-friction iqala ukuhla.

I-Hydrodynamic Lubrication (ifilimu egcweleyo-uMsebenzi oQhelekileyo):

Le yimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza. Ngesantya esaneleyo, i-shaft ejikelezayo isebenza njengempompo, idonsa i-lubricant ye-viscous kwindawo emise okwe-wedge phakathi kwe-shaft kunye ne-bearing.

Esi senzo sivelisa uxinzelelo olwaneleyo ngaphakathi kwefilimu yolwelo ukuya phakamisa ngokupheleleyo i-shaft kwaye uyibeke phakathi kwebheringi.

Imiphezulu ihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo yifilimu encinci ye-lubricant (inokuba yi-microns thick). Nantsi lapho akukho kudityaniswa ngokomzimba, okukhokelela ekukhuhlaneni okuphantsi kakhulu kwaye phantse akukho mpahla.

Uphawu loYilo oluPhambili: UkuCoca kunye neWedge

Ukuthwala kuyilwe ngedayamitha engaphezulu kancinci kunobubanzi bangaphandle beshaft. Oku kudala a ukukhutshwa kweradial. Ngaphaya koko, ukuthwala kudla ngokumiswa kancinci okanye ishaft ijike phantsi komthwalo, yenze i ukudibanisa i-wedge-isithuba esicuthayo kwicala lentshukumo. Le wedge ibalulekile ekuveliseni uxinzelelo lwe-hydrodynamic oluxhasa umthwalo.

2. Izinto ezisisiseko zeTribological

I-Tribology yinzululwazi yokunxibelelana komphezulu kwintshukumo ehambelanayo, ebandakanya ukukhuhlana, ukunxiba, kunye nokuthambisa. Ukusebenza kwebheringi etyibilikayo kulawulwa ngokupheleleyo yimigaqo yetribological.

A) Ukukhuhlana

Ukukhuhlana kwi-a ukutyibilika utshintsho kwiinkqubo ezintathu zokuthambisa:

Umda & Nxutyiwe: Ukukhuhlana kuphezulu kwaye kumiselwa ngamandla okucheba omaleko we-lubricant yomda kunye noqhagamshelwano phakathi kobunzima bomphezulu.

I-Hydrodynamic: I-friction ibangelwa kuphela ukucheba viscous yefilimu yolwelo. Kubalwa kusetyenziswa i-petroffs equation kwaye ngumsebenzi woku:

I-Lubricant viscosity (μ)

Isantya esizalanayo (N)

Ukuthwala imilinganiselo (D, L, c)

Yi ezizimeleyo kumthwalo kunye nezixhobo ezingaphezulu, nje ukuba ifilimu igcinwe.

B) Nxiba

Ukunxiba kukulahleka okuqhubekayo kwezinto. Kwi-hydrodynamic esebenzayo ngokufanelekileyo, ukunxiba akunakwa ngenxa yokuba akukho qhagamshelwano. Nangona kunjalo, ukunxiba kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwi:

Imijikelo yokuQalisa/yokuvala (ukuthanjiswa komda).

Ukulayisha ngaphezulu or isantya esinganelanga, ewisa ifilimu yolwelo.

Ungcoliseko ngamasuntswana abrasive (umzekelo, ubumdaka, ukucheba isinyithi).

Ukulamba kweLubricant okanye ukusilela.

Ukunciphisa ukunxiba, izinto ezithwalayo zikhethwa ngokuhambelana kwazo, ukubethelela (ubuchule bokubambisa ukungcola), kunye nokumelana nokubola.

C) Ukuthambisa

I-lubricant ligazi lobomi bokuthwala. Iimpawu zayo eziphambili zezi:

Viscosity (μ): Eyona propati ibaluleke kakhulu. Kukuxhathisa kolwelo ukuhamba. I-viscosity ephezulu ivelisa ifilim engqindilili, eyomeleleyo yolwelo kodwa ikwanyusa ukukhuhlana kwe-viscous kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu. I-viscosity echanekileyo yibhalansi enonyameko yeemeko zokusebenza (isantya, umthwalo, ukushisa).

Viscosity Index (VI): Umlinganiselo wokuba ingakanani i-viscosity eguqukayo kunye nobushushu. I-VI ephezulu ithetha ukuba i-viscosity ihlala izinzile, into enqwenelekayo.

Izongezo: Izithambisi zale mihla zinezongezo ze:

Ukunganxibi (AW): Yenza imigangatho yokukhusela kwimigangatho ngexesha lokuthanjiswa komda.

Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo (EP): Yenza iifilimu ezikhuselayo zeekhemikhali phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kakhulu kunye namaqondo okushisa.

Uthintelo lwe-oxidation: Thintela i-lubricant ekuqhekekeni kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Umhlwa kunye nokuthintela umhlwa.

3. Ukuthwala Izinto

Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo yi-tribological compromise. Akukho sixhobo esinye esinazo zonke iimpawu ezifanelekileyo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

Babbitt (Intsimbi Emhlophe): I-tin okanye i-alloy-based alloy. Egqwesileyo ukuhambelana (ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa ukungahambi kakuhle) kunye ukubethelela. Ukuhambelana okugqwesileyo ukukhusela ukunxiba kwe-shaft. Amandla aphantsi, ngoko idla ngokubotshelelwa kwiqokobhe lentsimbi eyomeleleyo.

Ibronzi: I-alloy esekwe ngobhedu. Amandla alungileyo, ukumelana nokudinwa, kunye ne-thermal conductivity. Iyahambelana ngaphantsi kwe Babbitt. Isoloko isetyenziswa ngetoti yelothe yokwaleka kwiipropati ezingcono zomphezulu.

Iingxube zeAluminiyam: Ukumelana nokugqwesa okulungileyo kunye namandla okudinwa. Iindleko eziphakathi.

IiMathiriyeli zaMathala amaninzi: Iibheringi zale mihla zizakhiwo ezinomaleko ezintsonkothileyo (umzekelo, intsimbi exhasa ukomelela, umaleko wobhedu womthamo womthwalo, kunye nokwaleka kweBabbitt kwiipropati zomphezulu).

Itheyibhile yesiShwankathelo: Imiba engundoqo yeTribological

4. Ukusasazwa koMthwalo kunye neMigangatho yokuBeka

Iibheringi ezicacileyo ziyagqwesa ekusasazeni imithwalo kumphezulu wazo. Uyilo lwezi bheringi luvumela ukwabiwa koxinzelelo, okubalulekileyo ukugcina uzinzo kunye nokunciphisa ukunxiba. Umphezulu wokuthwala, owenziwe ngezinto ezifana nobhedu, i-bimetal composites, okanye iipolima ezinobunjineli, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeempawu ezizodwa eziphucula umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhuhlana.

Ngokomzekelo, i-bronze bushings, nokuba i-oyile-impregnated sintered bronze okanye i-bronze ephosiweyo, ibonelela ngeempawu ezintle zokuhambisa umthwalo. Isakhiwo sabo se-porous sivumela ukugcinwa kweoli, ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okuhambelanayo ngexesha lokusebenza. I-Bimetal bushings, kunye nenkxaso yazo yensimbi kunye nezixhobo ezithambileyo zokugqoka, zinika indibaniselwano yamandla kunye nokukhuhlana okuphantsi, okwenza kube lula kwizicelo zomthwalo ophezulu.

Ukukhuhlana kunye neempawu zokunxiba

Ukuqonda ukungqubana kunye nokunxiba kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukuthwala okucacileyo ukusebenza. Ukukhuhlana kwiibheringi ezingenanto kuphenjelelwa zizinto ezinje ngoburhabaxa bomphezulu, iipropathi zezinto eziphathekayo, kunye neemeko zokuthambisa. Ukunxiba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukususwa ngokuthe ngcembe okanye ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezivela kwiindawo zokuthwala.

Izixhobo zokuthwala ezahlukeneyo zibonisa ukukhuhlana okukhethekileyo kunye neempawu zokunxiba. Ngokomzekelo, ii-composites ezisekelwe kwi-bronze zihlala zibonelela ngokulinganayo phakathi kokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokukhuhlana okuphantsi. I-alloy bushings ekhethekileyo, eyenzelwe iimeko ezinzima, inokubandakanya izinto ezinikezela ukuxhathisa okungaqhelekanga kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu okanye kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Ubunjineli be-polymer bushings, njengezo zenziwe ngenayiloni okanye ezinye iiplastiki ezisebenza kakhulu, zinokubonelela ngee-coefficients eziphantsi kakhulu zokukhuhlana kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, ngakumbi kwizicelo apho iibheringi zentsimbi zemveli zinokusokola.

5. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuPhuculwa

Ukukhetha imathiriyeli efanelekileyo yokuthwala okucacileyo yinkqubo eguquguqukayo eqwalasela izinto ezininzi. Indawo yokusebenza, iimeko zomthwalo, isantya, kunye nokufumaneka kokuthambisa zonke zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni izinto eziphathekayo. Uyilo oluqhubela phambili oluthwele ithafa luhlala lubandakanya imathiriyeli edibeneyo okanye izakheko ezinomaleko ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza.

Ngokomzekelo, i-bimetal bushings idibanisa amandla okuxhaswa kwentsimbi kunye neempawu ze-tribological ze-lining material ethambileyo. Olu lwakhiwo luvumela umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo ngelixa ugcina ukukhuhlana okugqwesileyo kunye neempawu zokunxiba. Izinto zelinen zingalungelelaniswa kwizicelo ezithile - iilinen ezisekelwe kwi-lead-based linings kwi-traditional high-load scenarios, okanye ezinye iindlela ezingenakukhokela kwizicelo ezinovakalelo lokusingqongileyo.

I-polymer bushings ibonisa enye indawo yezinto ezintsha. Iiplastiki zobunjineli ezikwizinga eliphezulu ezifana ne-PTFE, i-POM, kunye neenayiloni ezisebenza ngokuphezulu zinika indibaniselwano eyodwa yokukhuhlana okuphantsi, ukuxhathisa imichiza, kunye neempawu zokuzithambisa. Ezi zixhobo zibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo apho ukuthambisa kwendabuko kungenakwenzeka okanye apho ukunciphisa ubunzima kubalulekile.

Ubunjineli boMphezulu kunye neeNgqungquthela

Ubunjineli bomphezulu buvele njengesixhobo esinamandla sokuphucula ukusebenza okucacileyo. Ngokuguqula iipropathi zomphezulu weebheringi, iinjineli zinokuphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukunciphisa ingxabano, kunye nokwandisa ubomi bokusebenza.

Ubuchwephesha obufana ne-nitriding, i-carburizing, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-coatings yefilimu ebhityileyo kunokutshintsha kakhulu iimpawu zomphezulu weebheringi zentsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, ukugquma kwe-chrome ekhuni kwi-bearing-backed bearing kunokubonelela ngokugqwesileyo kokugqoka kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-corrosion.

Kwindawo yeebheringi ze-polymer, unyango olungaphezulu lunokuphucula ukudibanisa kunye nezinto ezixhasayo okanye ukuphucula umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo. Ezinye iibheringi zepolymer ezihambele phambili zibandakanya izithambiso eziqinileyo okanye iinanoparticles kumaleko azo angaphezulu, zibonelela ngeempawu eziphuculweyo zetribological.

IModeli yokubala kunye nokulinganisa

Ukuvela kwezixhobo ezinamandla zokubala kuye kwaguquka ukuthwala okucacileyo uyilo. Finite element analysis (FEA) kunye ne-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ivumela iinjineli ukuba zilinganise ukuziphatha okunobunzima phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.

Ezi zifaniso zinokuqikelela izinto ezinje ngokusasazwa koxinzelelo, ubukhulu befilimu, kunye ne-thermal gradients ngaphakathi kwebheringi. Ngokuhlalutya ezi parameters, abaqulunqi banokukhulisa ukuthwala ijometri, ukhetho lwemathiriyeli, kunye nezicwangciso zokuthambisa phambi kweprototyping yomzimba.

Ubuchwephesha bokwenza imodeli obukwinqanaba eliphezulu bukwavumela uphononongo lweziphumo zomda, ukungalungelelani kakuhle, kunye nokuziphatha okwexeshana ekunzima ukukubona kuvavanyo lomzimba. Esi sikhundla sibaluleke kakhulu xa kuyilwa iibheringi zezicelo ezibalulekileyo okanye xa utyhala imida yemida yoyilo lwemveli.

Umzekelo, ekuphuhliseni i-alloy bushings ekhethekileyo yendawo egqithisileyo, imodeli yokubala inokunceda ukuqikelela indlela yokuziphatha phantsi kweemeko ezinokuba ngumceli mngeni okanye kubize ukuphindaphinda kuvavanyo lomzimba. Le ndlela ikhawulezisa uphuhliso lwezisombululo ezivelisa izinto ezintsha kubuchwephesha obusakhulayo kunye nezicelo ezifunayo.

isiphelo

Iibheringi ezicacileyo, ezikhangeleka zilula, zingumxube ontsonkothileyo weengqikelelo zetribological. Intsimi yetekhnoloji yokuthwala ecacileyo ihlala itshintsha, ukusuka kwiingcamango ezisisiseko zokusasazwa komthwalo kunye nokuthambisa ukuya kwiingcamango ezingaphezulu kwisayensi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nemodeli yekhompyutheni. Ngokufunda malunga nokuphucula le migaqo ye-tribological esisiseko, iinjineli zinokwenza iibheringi ezisebenza ngcono, ezihlala ixesha elide, kwaye zisebenzise amandla amancinci kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko. Njengoko imizi-mveliso ityhala imida yendlela abanokusebenza ngayo oomatshini, iibheringi ezithafa eziyilwe kakuhle zibaluleke ngakumbi nangakumbi ekuqinisekiseni ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle nangokuthembekileyo.

FAQ

Zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-EPEN Sliding bearings?

Iindidi eziphambili ziquka i-bronze bushings (i-oil-impregnated sintered bronze, cast bronze), i-bimetal bushings (i-steel-backed with linings eyahlukeneyo), i-polymer bushings (PTFE, POM, Nylon), kunye ne-alloy bushings ekhethekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima.

Iibheringi ezingenanto (iibheringi ezityibilikayo) zinciphisa njani ukukhuhlana?

Iibheringi ezingenanto zinciphisa ukruthakruthwano ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuthambisa ezifana ne-hydrodynamic kunye ne-border lubrication, kunye neempawu zezinto ezikhuthaza ukutyibilika okuphantsi.

Ziziphi izinto ezimele ziqwalaselwe xa kukhethwa ibhere ethafeni?

Izinto eziphambili ziquka iimfuno zomthwalo, isantya sokusebenza, ubushushu, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, ukufumaneka kwe-lubrication, kunye neemfuno ezithile zesicelo.

Khetha iNqanaba eliLungileyo (iSilayidi sokuSlayida) kwiSicelo sakho | Malunga EPEN

Jiashan Epen Bearing Co.Ltd. ngumvelisi oqeqeshiweyo weebheringi ezicacileyo kunye neepleyiti zokunxiba, kwaye ukhule ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwindawo apho ngoku zonke iintlobo zeebheringi ezingenanto zinokubonelelwa. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bekhathalogu, ubungakanani obukhethekileyo kunye noyilo lunokuveliswa ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. Jiashan Epen Bearing Co.Ltd. Isebenza kwiimarike zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Inkampani yeJiashan Epen Bearing ijonge ukuhlala iphambili kule marike.

Iimveliso eziphambili ze-EPEN ezikhoyo ziyintsimbi yeplastiki ehlanganisiweyo yeebheringi ezityibilikayo, iibheringi ze-bimetal series, iibheringi zentsimbi enye, njl njl.

Iimveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwama-30 ezifana neshishini leemoto, isinyithi, oomatshini bobunjineli, oomatshini bokwakha, oomatshini beplastiki, ishishini lezixhobo zoomatshini, ukongiwa kwamanzi kunye nombane wamanzi.

Xha ga mshelana epen@cnepen.cn ukuxoxa ngeemfuno zakho ezicacileyo kunye nokufumanisa ukuba izisombululo zethu zinokuwuphucula njani ukusebenza komatshini wakho kunye nobomi obude.

Ucaphulo

Johnson, KL (1985). Qhagamshelana nooMechanics. IYunivesithi yaseCambridge Press.

Stachowiak, GW kunye neBatchelor, AW (2013). I-Tribology yobuNjineli. eGcuwa-Heinemann.

Khonsari, MM kunye ne-Booser, ER (2008). I-Tribology eSetyenzisiweyo: Uyilo lokuBhera kunye nokuthambisa. UJohn Wiley kunye noonyana.

Bowden, FP kunye neTabor, D. (2001). I-Friction kunye ne-Lubrication ye-Solids. Oxford University Press.

UNeale, MJ (1995). Incwadi ethi Tribology Handbook. eGcuwa-Heinemann.

Harnoy, A. (2002). Uyilo loKuthwala kuMatshini: Ubunjineli beTribology kunye neLubrication. CRC Press.